Subjects

The subjects below are mainly suggested topics that can be discussed in the club depending on popular interest. Some will be emphasized since they will help the participants work with the general projects, but most are optional.

Tools Popular software applications
- PowerShell (1) Microsoft's newest replacement of DOS; competitor with Bash
- Git Version Control (3) Use Git to help contribute to the club, and build collaborative project.
  - Github Use Github to share your projects in the cloud.
    - Contributing to this school web site Learn how to help evolve this site by creating subjects, courses, assignments, and exams.
- TensorFlow (1) An open-source platform for machine learning. Similar to numpy, TensorFlow can run on GPUs and in parallel across many machines.
  - Keras An open-source, high-level, user-friendly python library used for building and training neural networks that runs on top of TensorFlow. Developed to enable fast experimentation and iteration, and it lowers the barrier to entry for working with deep learning. It adds the flexibility of PyTorch to TensorFlow.
- PyTorch Another Pythonish open-source library similar to TensorFlow and created by Facebook. It purports to be more flexible when creating complex models, easier to use with Python, easier to debug, and imperative.
Frameworks and Runtime Environments General overview of operating systems with emphasis on Windows and Linux
- Methods to Install Software Methods to Install Software
  - Chocolatey (1) Chocolatey package manager and installer
  - Scoop (1) Scoop package manager and installer
  - Cygwin (1) The Cygwin unix-like environment that runs on Windows.
  - MinGW The MinGW unix-like environment that runs on Windows.
  - MSYS2 Minimalist GNU for Windows
  - Windows Subsystem for Linux (1) If you have a machine with Windows on it, this is the fastest way to get up an running with Linux
Operating Systems General overview of operating systems with emphasis on Windows and Linux
- Quick Emulator (QEMU) (7) Machine Emulator
- Linux Linux is a free version competitor of Microsoft Windows and Apple iOS. Most web sites run on Linux today.
  - Windows Subsystem for Linux (1) If you have a machine with Windows on it, this is the fastest way to get up an running with Linux
Networking (1) Two or more computers connected to each other.
Programming Languages There are over 1000 programming language in use today and you can use most of them for free.
- Repl.it Use this site to try out over 50 different programming languages without having to install any locally. Just type your code in a press Run. It's a quick way to perform experiments and satisfy your immediate curiosity.
- Yet Another Markup Language This is a human readable JSON text format. This web site encodes all its subjects, courses, and assignments in YAML.
  - Contributing to this school web site Learn how to help evolve this site by creating subjects, courses, assignments, and exams.
- Python Programming Language (3) Python is perhaps the most taught language in school these days. This site is built with it. There is very little you cannot do with Python.
- Rust Programming You know, cargo
- .NET Runtime Environment The .NET runtime environment has greatly jumped in popularity since Microsoft made the environment open source in 2016. Practically any programming language can be written to compile to .NET. Your Windows 10 laptop most likely has
  - C# Programming C# is the most popular .NET programming language. The demand for C# programmers has now exceeded Java programmers.
- LISP Programming (1) None
Web Development All things HTML, CSS, and JavaScript; plus dynamic site generation and hosting.
- StackBlitz Online Dev Site
- Bootstrap CSS and JS web site styles
- Flask This python web engine/framework is what this site is running on. Build dynamic web sites quickly with Flask.
  - Contributing to this school web site Learn how to help evolve this site by creating subjects, courses, assignments, and exams.
Mathematics Mathematics is very interesting and fun if you do it right. All university science majors and engineering professions require it as the language. You'll get lots of math in your school, but this club concentrates on using computers to understand and solve problems. This subject is less about how to solve math problems and more about what types of problems are there that can make a business profitable, and what types of tools exist that can solve them.
- Tensors
  - Keras Einstein summation convention is a compact representation of certain tensor operations. It is used in many libraries, including TensorFlow and PyTorch.
  - Keras An open-source, high-level, user-friendly python library used for building and training neural networks that runs on top of TensorFlow. Developed to enable fast experimentation and iteration, and it lowers the barrier to entry for working with deep learning. It adds the flexibility of PyTorch to TensorFlow.
- Linear Algebra Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as linear functions and their representations through matrices and vector spaces.
- Mathematical Software and Applications A list of popular math tools.
  - GNU Octave Scientific Programming Language
  - SageMath System for Algebra and Geometry Experimentation is a free application that can solve problems as well as Mathematica. No only can it give you the number to a solution, it can give your function that solves a Calculus problem.
  - Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms BLAS is used for high-speed computations and A.I. We'll see where this course goes in depth, but a 30-minute understanding of this tool is important for future engineers.
  - MATLAB MATLAB is a programming platform designed specifically for engineers and scientists to analyze and design systems and products. The heart of MATLAB is the MATLAB language, which is a matrix-based language that allows for the most natural expression of computational mathematics. MATLAB allows for matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages. It is widely used by engineers and scientists worldwide for a range of applications, including deep learning and machine learning, signal processing and communications, image and video processing, control systems, test and measurement, computational finance, and computational biology
- Probability and Statistics
- Finite Element Methods Engineers and scientists use this mathematical method to break down complicated physical systems into many (but finite) smaller simpler parts (or elements) where each element acts the same way.
- Numpy Numpy is the python equivalent to BLAS and MATLAB.
Data Science All science degrees at the university will require basic fluency in data acquisition and generating charts. Excel was a popular tool of the past, but Jupyter Notebooks are the current hot thing. Basic understanding of statistics and proving one's hypothesis is paramount.
- Data Sources A list of places where you can find data sources online. Great for data science projects.
- Python Data Science Python is a complete data science toolkit.
  - Numpy Numpy is the python equivalent to BLAS and MATLAB.
  - Jupyter Notebooks Fundamentals of reproducible research and data science. Jupyter is a free substitute for R, Knitr, PDF generation, and Mathematica.
  - pandas Pandas is the Python version of R language, and used by most Data Scientists today.
  - matplotlib This library is the Python version of R's GGPlot library.
- R R is a complete data science toolkit, and pre-dates Python.
  - RStudio R is a complete data science toolkit, and pre-dates Python
Editors and IDEs Text editors and Interactive Development Environements
- Microsoft Visual Code (not Visual Studio) Text editors and Interactive Development Environements
Documentation and Technical Writing Tools for creating documentation.
- Markdown Language for Documentation Use a text editor to easily create web page content without dealing with HTML.
- Create diagrams with just text. Include diagrams in your Markdown files with Mermaid
- LaTeX Include diagrams in your Markdown files with Mermaid
Engineering What are different engineering professions and articles pertaining to it?
- Digital Logic (1) How electronic circuits and computer chips are created with digital logic components and transistors.
- Software Engineering What is software engineering? What are the major topics of it? How can you use it to help build this site?
  - Writing a Software Product Specification (SPS) What are the most important parts of an SPS?
Theory of Computation How simple can we make a computer that can do everything, given enough time?
- Turing Machines What is a Turing Machine, and why do we care?
Artificial Intelligence What are the methods of artificial intelligence and machine learning?
- Expert System None
- Genetic Algorithms Trying to find the best solution by breeding the best with the best and applying a fitness function.
- Machine Learning Creating a complex model (or function) by training a system with given input and outputs.
- Machine Vision None
- Neural Networks Artificial Neural Networks simulate how brains learn.
  - Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs) The simplest type of neural network where information travels in one direction, from the input layer, through the hidden layers, to the output layer.
  - Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) Unlike FNNs, RNNs have connections that form directed cycles. This allows them to maintain an internal state that can process sequences of inputs.
    - Sequence-To-Sequence Models These are a variant of RNNs, used in tasks that require mapping input sequences to output sequences. They are widely used in tasks like machine translation, speech recognition, etc.
  - Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) Primarily used for image processing, natural language processing, and other grid-like data inputs. They have convolutional layers that filter inputs for useful information.
  - Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) Have multiple layers between the input and output layers (more than 3).
    - Deep Learning DNNs with lots of layers.
  - Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) These are generative graphical models which learn to extract a deep hierarchical representation of the training data.
  - Radial basis function Neural Networks (RBFNNs) These use radial basis functions as activation functions. They have an input layer, a hidden layer with non-linear radial symmetric activation functions, and a linear output layer.
  - Modular Neural Networks (MNNs) These are complex systems that are used to improve the performance of a system by integrating several neural network modules.
  - Keras Einstein summation convention is a compact representation of certain tensor operations. It is used in many libraries, including TensorFlow and PyTorch.
  - Keras An open-source, high-level, user-friendly python library used for building and training neural networks that runs on top of TensorFlow. Developed to enable fast experimentation and iteration, and it lowers the barrier to entry for working with deep learning. It adds the flexibility of PyTorch to TensorFlow.
- Natural Language Processing None
  - Natural Language Understanding (NLU) This focuses on semantic analysis or determining the intended meaning of text.
  - Natural Language Generation (NLG) This focuses on text generation by a machine.
  - Speech Recognition This involves the translation of spoken language into text.
  - Sentiment Analysis An NLP technique that analyzes text to identify its sentiments, such as "positive," "negative," or "neutral." Sentiment analysis is commonly used by businesses to better understand customer feedback.
  - Summarization An NLP technique that summarizes a longer text, in order to make it more manageable for time-sensitive readers.
  - Keyword Extraction An NLP technique that analyzes a text to identify the most important keywords or phrases. Keyword extraction is commonly used for search engine optimization (SEO), social media monitoring, and business intelligence purposes.
  - Tokenization The process of breaking characters, words, or subwords down into "tokens" that can be analyzed by a program.
- TensorFlow (1) An open-source platform for machine learning. Similar to numpy, TensorFlow can run on GPUs and in parallel across many machines.
  - Keras An open-source, high-level, user-friendly python library used for building and training neural networks that runs on top of TensorFlow. Developed to enable fast experimentation and iteration, and it lowers the barrier to entry for working with deep learning. It adds the flexibility of PyTorch to TensorFlow.
- PyTorch Another Pythonish open-source library similar to TensorFlow and created by Facebook. It purports to be more flexible when creating complex models, easier to use with Python, easier to debug, and imperative.
Computer History Always intellectual to know how computer technology was invented and how it evolved.
- Central Processing Units Always intellectual to know how computer technology was invented and how it evolved.
- Computers History of computers
- World Wide Web History of the World Wide Web
Other Uncategorized subjects that do not seem to have a "best" parent yet.
- Software Defined Radio (SDR) HAM Radio from your laptop
My Subject Just an example of a subject